The Columbian Government Essay - 833 Words

When one is looking at a country’s government there are a few things that one should look at specifically: the type of government, the leadership and how it is achieved, and how the people are represented in the government. At times it can be difficult to find this information, especially true information, while at other times it can be very easy. The latter is true for the Columbian government. The Columbian government looks and runs very similar to the United States government, at least on a federal level. This means that the government is a republic and unlike some countries where they claim to be but are not actually, Columbia is. Their government has three parts to it, just as ours does: the executive branch, the legislature branch,†¦show more content†¦There is the Constitutional Court, which upholds the integrity of the constitution, decide how constitutional a law is, and to make amendments to it. The Superior Judicial Council’s job is to solve disputes between the other courts. Its judges are chosen by the other three courts and serve for an eight-year term. The Council of State is the highest court for civil law, and its judges are chosen from a selection of judges chosen by the Superior Judicial Council. The fourth and final court is the Supreme Court of Justice and is the highest criminal court, the judges are chosen the same as the Council of State and both groups of judges serve for four-year terms. All of the courts are as coequal as possible and intertwined as one can see in how they choose their judges. On a more local level there are governors, municipal governments, and mayors. The governors are elected by popular vote, but they were once appointed by the president. Each department has the right to establish lower governments known as municipal districts are. With in each district there is a municipal council which is elected by popular vote. The mayor is elected by popular vote to serve a two-year term, and just like t he governors, the mayors used to be appointed by the presidents and controlled by the governor; all of this was changed with the 1991 constitution reform. As one can see the people have a large voice in their government, the only branchShow MoreRelated The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia, or FARC, have been waging a guerilla war against the Columbian government for thirty-eight years. The organization has a Marxist-Socialist ideological base and has been terrorizing Columbia for some time now. The most recent development is Senator Martha Catalina Daniels was shot twice in the head and killed on March 3. Her body and two others were found at the bottom of a ravine about twenty-fiveRead MoreInformative Speech969 Words   |  4 PagesCulture Speech Outline Mr. Meyer April 10, 2013 Informational Speech: The Columbian Drug Cartel * Title: The Columbian Drug Cartel * General Purpose: To inform * Specific Purpose: To inform the audience on the major aspects of the Columbian Drug Cartel by focusing on the two larges Cartels in Columbia—Medellin Cartel and Cali Cartel. * Central Idea: By first focusing on the generalized synopsis of how the Columbian Drug Cartels function, I will then be able to give a more detailed accountRead MoreEssay On The Peace Be With You989 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween all of the different braches of the Columbian army very from group to group, all of which have valid reasoning; however, the Columbian government was desperate to bring peace back to their country and reduce the deaths and displacement of Columbian citizens. With all traditional means proving to be ineffective, the Columbian government introduced advertising and marketing into their peace propositions. In the early 2000’s, the Columbian government embarked the help of Jose Miguel SokoloffRead MoreChristopher Columbus : The United States And Charles C. Mann s 14911449 Words   |  6 Pagesand goods that made it all the way across the sea from Genoa, but students have not been introduced to the carryover of disease(s) that Columbus and his men effortlessly passed on to the Native Peoples, the inaccuracies of the pre-Columbian North America, or the government s influence on historical beliefs. The tales of Columbus that are popularized across education only offers a monitored and censored account of what actually took place. They mold the minds of students to celebrate Columbus’ successRead MoreThe Cost Of A Carbon Tax Or Cap And Trade System1161 Words   |  5 Pagesindustries that are key actors in the local economy. Hence, at times, it is difficult for industries to promote clean energy at a reasonable time to internalize the extra cost imposed on them through a ca rbon tax policy. For instance, the Conservative government in Canada had opposed carbon pricing, arguing that it would hurt economic growth, especially in the oil sector. In addition, they argued that a carbon pricing policy would not achieve its intended goals because other countries are not willing toRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1498 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue. This was the very first step in starting the Columbian exchange. The Columbian exchange was the process of the New World and the Old World transferring ideas, plants, animals, culture, human populations, and manufactured goods across the Atlantic Ocean throughout the 15th and the 16th century. Even though there were many positive results out of the exchange including the finding of the Americas, new plant and animal species, and the Europeans gainingRead MoreThe Death Of Escobar : A Controversial Topic899 Words   |  4 PagesPablo Escobar was a notoriou s Columbian drug lord that managed one of the largest cocaine cartels in history. At the height of his power, Escobar was producing 80% of the United States’ cocaine supply. I would break down his life by younger life; personal life; early years; rise to power; height of power; criminal life; death and aftermath. Images of Escobar, his partners, family, homes, the Columbian forces, and the cocaine workshops would be included in my article. The death of Escobar is stillRead MoreThe Revolutionary Armed Forces Of Colombia1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia, otherwise known as FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia) was originally established in 1964 from a fractioned group of the Columbian Communist Party. It was formed during a war between the political parties that consisted of liberals and conservatives. After the Violence aka La Violencia which left around 200,000 people dead over a 15 year span many peasants fled their homes including one ManuelRead MoreEssay Drug Trafficking, Consequences, and Accountability1453 Words   |  6 Pagesillegal drug trafficking found throughout Latin America is not an issue that can be solved by either a government or an individual alone. Unfortunately, it is also an issue that requires more than one solution in order to solve the problem. Each Latin American state is unique, as are the various citizens who inhabit them. As drug trafficking is a transnational force, Latin American governments often find themselves not only at odds with one another, but with larger political and economic powers suchRead MorePablo Escobar8 80 Words   |  4 Pageswould give her everything. This was his childhood ambition, along with being rich by the time he was 22.1 The fact that he was poor motivated him and made him strive for power and money. He later became the most notorious and richest drug lord and Columbian congressman. Pablo Escobar, as far as personality goes, no one except those who knew him very personally could tell you what he is like, but if you were to ask the people of Columbia and the people of the United States on what Pablo Escobar was

Research and Reflection of External Communication - 655 Words

This analysis will analyze the four publications provided by the instructor, regarding external communication, for research and reflection. The primary focus will be on the application of the information to the public sector, and the implications my findings may have on public sector accountability and performance. In the book, The Power of Communication, Doris Graber provides a comprehensive overview of the public’s interactions and encounters with public administrators (2003). Graber states that accountability and responsiveness are the most important reasons for communication between public officials and citizens but responsiveness is generally poorer in the public sector because demand is higher than the public sector can handle (2003). Although agencies that rely on citizen input and are structured accordingly are more responsive (Graber, 2003). Communications with the public are a necessary are part of government in order to determine the needs of the public and to provi de appropriate services. The main point Graber is making is that the citizens, their feedback and input are a necessary and valuable part of government and as public administrators we should be accountable and responsive to the public we serve (2003). While Graber focused on individual interactions with public administrators, Laurence O’Toole focused on communication between agencies and external entities (1997). Examples of common inter-organizational ties include contracting arrangements,Show MoreRelatedRole Of Hrm Over The Period Of Time1495 Words   |  6 Pagesreview of two human resources related articles: â€Å"Extending the Scope of Organisational Culture: the External Perception or an Internal Phenomenon† (MacIntosh and Doherty, 2007) and â€Å"Organisational Culture: An exploratory study comparing faculties’ perspectives within public and private universities in Malaysia† (Ramachandran, Ching and Ismail, 2010). This journal review is concluded by a reflection wherein the scholar expresses his experiences of the task. Next comes an essay which provides an insightRead MoreMy Personal Life With My Family And Friends816 Words   |  4 PagesBetsy Sparrow, a psychologist at Columbia University, defines transactive memory as a shared system of knowledge where we have external memory systems available to us, typically in other people or the internet. We have learned to rely on these external systems to provide information rather than remember it ourselves. Even though I’ve never heard the term ‘transactive memory’ before watching this video, it makes sense. We can’t possibly remember everything, especially if we don’t use it every dayRead MoreAlaska Airlines And The Corporate Culture1465 Words   |  6 PagesAirlines. In other words, engaged employee will strive to take care of their external customers (Box Byus, 2009). These methods were the methods by which Minicucci created a sense of urgency and built a team of individuals committed to restoring Alaska Airlines profitability and performance. A. Create Urgency Reflect on what you think should have been done in the change effort regarding those two steps. State your reflection as recommendations on how you would implement Kotter’s step 1, answers toRead Moresales development and Merchandising Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Task A Research report describing the elements of the product in a business and services context After selecting a hotel of your choice, carry out an individual research into the element of the product of this hotel, and produce a written report of your findings which should include: a) A discussion about the key components of the product and how the product mix contributes to sales and profit (ref. 1.1, 1.2) b) An assessment on how market segmentation contribute to maximise sales (ref. 1.3) Read MoreThe Rise Of Fascism During Nazi Germany And Germany1623 Words   |  7 PagesMOVEMENTS The first topic of the semester will explore the rise of Fascism in Nazi Germany and the methods by which citizens of Germany and Austria were influenced to join in Nazi ideology and policies or to resist them. In this assessment, you need to research the influence of the different individuals and organisations who either supported or resisted the Nazi Government. You will need to prepare a response to the question: â€Å"What was the impact of individuals/groups within Nazi Germany in supportingRead MoreReflective Reflection : Reflective Thinking1242 Words   |  5 PagesThis self-reflection will incorporate the 4R’s model of reflective thinking in order for my reflections to be properly structured. The overall group project was a good experience for me, and provided me a great opportunity to work with people from different cultures. Although these people were from different cultures, I knew each group member before this assignment and had worked with the majority of them previously. 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Team A will discuss how TQM and ISO can improve an organization, the benefits, and challenges of each, and the role of the Quality Control departments in relation to either TQM and ISO. Team A will start with a definitionRead MoreAdult Learning Theories Used Throughout The Learning Process1562 Words   |  7 Pagesof the key points were made on the concepts of self-regulation and self-reflection. According to Nancy Rhea, self-regulation enables a person to select and manage pertinent activities in order to realize goals. This is essential throughout parenthood because having the ability to manage disruptive emotions and impulses, and to think before you react can assist in stopping unhelpful behavior. The other concept, self-reflection, â€Å"refers to a person s ability to think about the consequences of pastRead MoreDeveloping A Curriculum Desi gn That Promotes The Transition Of Nursing Students From An Associate Degree Nurse ( Bsn )1145 Words   |  5 Pagesthat community and health care agencies stay well-informed about the new curriculum development and progression. Transparent communication is essential between all agencies involved. It is not unlikely that the involved agencies will not be able to attend all the town hall meetings. The faculty has also considered alternate strategies for communication. These communications can occur via email, face-to-face encounters, or web-based conferences. The faculty will communicate information to the CEO and

Legal Aspects of International Trade Apple Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Legal Aspects of International Trade Apple Company. Answer: Apple is an American Multinational technology company that was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Woznaik and Ronald Wayne. The company was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. whose head quarter is located in Cupertino, California. The company employs 115,000 full-time employees and maintains 478 retail stores in seventeen countries worldwide. It also operates in Australia and the company develops designs, sells computer software, consumer electronics, and provides online services (Payne 2017). The hardware products of Apple include the iPod portable media player, the iPhone, the Mac personal computer, the iPad tablet, the Apple TV digital media player and the Apple smart watch. The software products of the company include maCOS and the IOS operating systems, the Safari web browser, the iTunes media player and the IWork and the ILife creativity and productivity suites. The online services provide by the company include the iTunes store, Mac App store, IOS App store, iCloud and Apple Music . The company, being one of the biggest companies in the world, is outgrowing its present head quarters rapidly. Apple has spent years in constructing a complement to its Head quarter at One Loop in Cupertino, California. The new campus is officially known as the Apple Park and is located on the former Hewlett Packard campus. Although the company has been ushering employees but reportedly it is going to take more than six months to shift all the 12,000 employees into the new site (Nwogugu 2015). The Australian Consumer Law regulates the products and services provided by Apple. According to the ACL framework, the customers are entitled to bring defects related to the services or products of a company either at the time of delivery or after the delivery of the goods. The consumers may make complaints regarding the products within a reasonable period from the date of delivery except the reason for failing to bring the compliant within the reasonable period, is apparent and justifying (Schwalbach et al. 2017). The ACL also stipulates that no additional cost is required to incurred when the consumers complains about any defect in their products. However, the consumers complaining about the defect in their products must contact their respective sellers for the same. While purchasing the product the consumers must contact their sellers to know about the repair or replacement options that are available for the goods. In case, the consumers are purchasing goods overseas they must con tact their sellers to know about the available replacement or repair options about their goods. According to the regulatory framework of ACL, apple provides its customers with a one year limited warranty plan. It entitles its customers to complaint about any defects that may arise out of the products after the goods are delivered to the customers. The customers may complain about the products within one year from the date of purchase of the goods. It does not take any additional cost to repair or replace the products. The customers may contact either the Apple telephone technical support or the Apple Retail Store or the Apple authorized service provider. It also facilitates the consumers to mail-in service in the event of repairing or replacing the products. The overseas customers may contact the sellers to know about the replacement or the repairing options about their products. Moreover, although ACL does not include any guideline regarding technical support services over telephone, the company provides the customers to have access to telephonic technical support. The Apple Company have entered into an advance pricing agreement (APA) Australia which purports to resolve any uncertainties surrounding the cross-border transactions, arrangements or agreements between the relevant parties to the agreement. The agreement includes double taxation that allows a taxpayer and the tax authorities to address and decide issues related to international transfer pricing (McClure, Lanis and Govendir 2016). The ATO has been working to sort out the cross-border tax structures and profit shifting that is being done by the multinationals like Apple to reduce the amount the companies contribute in higher-taxing countries like Australia. The governments who have been assisting the the multinationals by providing them with special deals, thus, enabling them to pay less taxes lawfully, are now changing their approaches regarding which nation has the right to tax. Apple has entered into APA agreements with the governments worldwide for decades. The APA agreements has permitted the technology giant to lawfully shift its profits to lower tax jurisdictions in order to avoid local tax payments. However, such deals have been called off and the multinational company is bound to make its tax payments (Ting 2014). The ATO has stated that the tax system in Australia is not in a position to be compared with the tax system of European Union nations, the anti-avoidance laws of the Australian Federal government has been enacted to the defy the erosion of the nations tax base. This rational e behind this decision is that the anti-avoidance laws of the state aims at preventing the multinational companies from using artificial arrangements for the purpose of avoiding the acknowledgment of the profits to a permanent business in the country (Lin et al. 2016). The Australian government passed new legislation in order to prevent the multinational companies from shifting their profits in order to avoid payment of corporate taxes. The international and the national tax system have been attempting to act in pace with the technological developments that have made the global economy highly motivated and enabled by assets and structures that are intangible and highly portable. Since the tax regimes have been developed during a period when most of the tradeable assets were tangible and convenient to locate, various countries have been putting in efforts in their respective tax system in order to account for such assets. The techno giant Apple had to pay $80.3 million in tax where the revenue amounted to only $6 billion, owing to the complicated but legal tax structure, which permitted the techno giant to shift its profits to an Irish subsidiary. The company has stated in its arguments that it acted in full compliance with its local tax obligations. The company argued that despite the adoption of the stringent approach towards the multinationals, the ATO have been granting Apple tax rulings completely in favor of th e company. The company stated that the majority of the companys revenue is derived from the distribution of the finished goods to Australian consumers and businesses. The company purchases the finished goods from its offshore associates at a higher price. It results in profits proportionate with the activities carried out by Apple in Australia. The APA agreement with Apple expired and Apple is willing to enter into a further APA with the ATO. The Australian government relies largely on corporate tax as a result of which the reputation of the company is affected. The ATO stated that APA agreements are entered into in the event where the ATO has a positive working relationship with the company on the basis of full disclosure. Apple further argued that it still persists to have an open relationship with ATO and the company continues to act incompliance with the tax obligation of the country (Devereux 2016). The techno giant argued that since its APA agreement has expired it was willing to renew the agreement. However, the ATO asserted that the APA agreements cannot be moved forward , instead, such agreements must be reviewed on a regular basis in order to ensure that the agreement continues to be appropriate and relevant to the nature of the business that is carried out in Australia (Huesecken and Overesch 2015). Further, another legal framework that governs the consumer rights in Australia have initiated legal action against Apple Inc on the ground that it used a software update to disable iPhones whose cracked scenes are fixed by the third parties. The Australian Consumer Law (ACL) governs the techno giant operating in Australia. Apple has disabled hundreds of smart phones and tablet services with the software update and then the company refused to unlock the same on the ground that the consumers had their products serviced or repaired by non-Apple repairers (Corones 2016). According to the ACL, the consumer guarantee rights exist independently, irrespective of the warranty provided by the manufacturer, therefore, just because the consumers have repaired their products by a third party, the consumer rights under the ACL shall not be extinguished. According to the ACL, Apple has been alleged to be engaged in deceptive or misleading conduct and that it had made deceptive or misleading representations to the consumers regarding its software updates and the rights of the customers to get their products repaired by the company (Corones 2013). The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) had brought legal action against the Techno giant on the ground of deceptive and misleading advertisements and was seeking declarations, injunctions, corrective notices, costs and compliance program orders against the multinational company. Section 18 of the ACCC states that any conduct of any corporation in trade or commerce, which is deceptive or misleading or is likely to be deceptive or misleading is strictly prohibited. According to Section 12 DA of the Australian Securities and Investment Commission Act 2001 also prohibits deceptive or misleading conduct in financial services. These legislations aims at safeguarding the consumers by preventing businesses from misleading the customers and the legal framework is applicable to every situations that is related to or is in the course of trade or commerce in Australia. The legal framework governing the company in Australia has had an impact upon the goods and services provided by the company. The issues related to the consumer protection framework have affected the goods and services of the company largely. Although the company provides a varied range of products, its customers are not satisfied with the fact that if the products are repaired by non-Apple repairers the company is disabling the products and are refusing to restore the same (Julien 2016). The customers are of the opinion that it is always not feasible for them to have access to Apple repairers to have their products repaired. Under such circumstances, they do not expect the company to disable the service. It would certainly amount to deceptiveness or misleading representation and a breach of the provisions laid down by the ACCC and the ACL in Australia. Apple stated that it provides employment to thousands of Australian employees and makes payment of millions of dollars every year in corporate and payroll tax. The company further asserts that although it is not in a position to make any comments on the adequacy of the countrys tax framework, it still puts in efforts to re-examine the international tax policies laid down in the multinational forums and frameworks. Additionally, the operation carried out by the company provides thousands of employment opportunities in Australia in areas like logistics, retail and IT, thus, directly supporting the companys business and endowing the country with an platform for several Australians to market and sell their respective products such as television, music, apps and movies both globally and locally. The taxation systems must bring about certain changes and cope with the changing nature of the economy. Countries like Australia, are mostly dependant on the foreign direct investment therefore, they must coordinate and cooperate both in the local and global forums. In order to prevent the multinational companies from shifting their profits, the countries must come together and deliberate upon the issue (Richardson et al. 2017). The countries may adopt methods including combined reporting, that would require the multinational firms to report about their profit and loss in each country wherein they carry out their business operations. The countries may adopt consolidation of the OECD profit splitting approach. It is logical in a global economy that companies would obviously want to form their business in such a manner that they can take advantage of the beneficial rules in various countries. Similarly, every country would want a competitive corporate tax system in order to draw attention and retain the economic activity. However, the tax system of one country must not cause economic damage to the policies of another country. The legal framework of each country must ensure that the operation of the multinational companies are carried on in compliance with the legal framework of the respective countries. References Cheung, A.S., 2014. Location privacy: The challenges of mobile service devices.Computer Law Security Review,30(1), pp.41-54. Corones, S., 2016. Misleading premium claims.Australian Business Law Review,44(3), pp.188-203. Corones, S.G., 2013.The Australian consumer law. Thomson Reuters, Lawbook Co.. Corones, S.G., 2014.Competition law in Australia. Thomson Reuters Australia, Limited. Devereux, M., 2016. Measuring corporation tax uncertainty across countries: Evidence from a cross-country survey WP 16/13. Huesecken, B. and Overesch, M., 2015. Tax Avoidance through Advance Tax Rulings-Evidence from the LuxLeaks Firms. Julien Jr, R., 2016.The cybersecurity aspects of Apple Pay(Doctoral dissertation, Utica College). Kaye, T.A., 2014. The Offshore Shell Game: US Corporate Tax Avoidance Through Profit Shifting.Chap. L. Rev.,18, p.185. Lin, X., Zheng, H., Tang, X. and Lu, L., 2016. The Research on Transfer Pricing: A Method of Tax Avoidance and Profit Maximization for MultinationalsTaking WR Corporation for Instance.Business and Management Research,5(3), p.p36. McClure, R., Lanis, R. and Govendir, B., 2016. Analysis of Tax Avoidance Strategies of Top Foreign Multinationals Operating in Australia: An Expose. Nwogugu, M.C., 2015. The Case of Apple, Inc., and the SP-500 Companies: Managerial Psychology, Corporate Governance and Business Processes. Payne, B., 2017. Brand Positioning and its Usefulness for Brand Management: the Case of Apple Inc.The University of Newcastle Student Business Journal,1(1), pp.51-57. Richardson, M., Bosua, R., Clark, K., Webb, J., Ahmad, A. and Maynard, S., 2017. Towards responsive regulation of the Internet of Things: Australian perspectives.Internet Policy Review,6(1), pp.2015-2016. Schwalbach, C.A., Yang, S., Heirakuji, R.J.K., Marasco, C.L. and Gorman, M., Apple Inc., 2017.Display stand component. U.S. Patent D777,482. Ting, A., 2014. iTax-Apple's International Tax Structure and the Double Non-Taxation Issue. Williams, M., Seet, S., Lee, J. and Williams, C., 2014. An Australian IP Update.Managing Intell. Prop.,240, p.56.

The Rise of Black British Culture from Black British Music free essay sample

The mixture of pop, ask, and punk had a huge impact on not only blacks in Britain however whites also. Another aspect of the Black British culture Is the rise of the black culture in politics, labor, and education. Like America, blacks In the postwar Brutal were delimitation against and were not welcomed with open arms; however Black British held onto their culture and earned their place in society. Black British music is very influential in Britain to most individuals in society. Through Some Kind of Black written by Adrian Dabbled, the reader can see the influence of music in characters. Reggae, Hip Hop, and Jungle music are three types of Black British music that are very influential in Britain. Black British music contains music from performers Like George Bridgetown to Billy Waters, who was more of a street performer. Black British music is developed by various influences: especially Caribbean influences, it also has been influenced by Black American styles of music like rap. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Black British Culture from Black British Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like most music, Black British music has many influences however it has its own distinctive identity and represents Black British as a whole.Reggae is one very influential type of Black British music. It was developed in Jamaica around the late sass and contains different styles of music Like ask and rocketed. Groups Like Black Roots were very Influential In the eighties and nineties. Reggae contains various instruments from the drums and other percussions, to bass, guitars, keyboards, horns, vocals, etc. Reggae is still very popular today all around the world. Hip Hop is also a very influential factor in the Black British culture, however it represented a new generation of blacks in Britain.This type of music was seen in Some Kind of Black as moving on from the generation of new Immigrants to actually being born In Britain. HIP Hop started In the sass and became very popular In the sass. Most of the hip hop music in Britain was created by men and was seen as very masculine and tough. This type of music definitely impacted the perception on blacks and developed various stereotypes for the Black British society. It portrayed the criminal, gangster blacks in society, which gave society a very harsh and negative outlook on men. Also a lot of this music was concentrated on sex, or drugs.During he post war Britain era, many women were seen as objects or sex symbols and a lot of women at the time. A lot of the rappers, or individuals who were involved with hip hop were always seen with a lot of women, so the individuals who saw them as idols, were impacted by this type of behavior, which didnt help the view of women. With the influences of music, and blacks defining their own blackness identity throughout Britain, the Black British culture has made a lot of progress in society as a whole. Like America, Black British was portrayed as invisible, criminals, and also accompanied lower positions in the labor market.However, today Black British are occupying better paid Jobs, political positions, and incorporation their own identity and culture within the British society. Black British has various aspects of their culture however music is one I find very interesting and very influential to the blacks in Britain. Today, a lot of the Black British music is seen in America, also during the past this type of music impacted individuals in America, so not only is Black British culture influencing Britain, and Europe it also influences America and other countries around the world.